Социологическая модель жизненных траекторий женщин, вовлеченных в проституцию

Maia M.  Rusakova

doi:10.21638/spbu12.2019.303

Authors

Maia M. Rusakova St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.303

Abstract

The history of the study of prostitution is based on acceptance of one of the explanatory models — that prostitution is violence, deviation or economic choice. The author developed an applied sociological model of the life trajectories of women involved in prostitution, based on the results of her own theoretical and empirical research and the experience of social work with women involved in prostitution. This model is the result of the integration of the sociology of life course and the ecological model. The model consists of five consecutive stages: approximation, entry, adaptation, immersion, and exit. Development of the life trajectory in prostitution occurs in a social context that can be analyzed at four levels: micro-, meso-, exo- and macro-levels. The model is based on the idea of prostitution as a multifaceted phenomenon, and the premise that women involved in prostitution are a heterogeneous group. Within the framework of this model, prostitution is viewed in a dynamic aspect, as a process of an individual’s development in certain socio-ecological contexts, as a life trajectory, which is based on a combination of previous events and circumstances that formed the “path to prostitution”. The proposed sociological model provides a general structure and knowledge base for advancing the study of prostitution; it helps to identify white spots in the study of the phenomenon of prostitution and contributes to the hypotheses. The study discusses the applied value of the model for the development of effective measures of social control of prostitution, which should take into account the existence of different stages of life in prostitution.

Keywords:

prostitution, sexual exploitation, sex work, deviance, social control, prevention, life trajectories, ecological model

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References

Литература

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References

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Crago A. L., Rakhmetova A., Karadafov M., Islamova S., Maslova I. Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: police raids and violence put sex workers at risk of HIV. HIV/AIDS policy & law review, 2008, vol. 13, no. 2–3, pp. 71–72.

Shannon K., Strathdee S. A., Goldenberg S. M., Duff P., Mwangi P., Rusakova M., Boily M. C. Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: influence of structural determinants. The Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, no. 9962, pp. 55–71.

Rusakova M., Rakhmetova A., Strathdee S. A. Why are sex workers who use substances at risk for HIV? The Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, no. 9964, pp. 211–212.

King E. J. et al. The influence of stigma and discrimination on female sex workers’ access to HIV services in St. Petersburg. AIDS and Behavior, 2013, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 2597–2603.

Niccolai L. M., Odinokova V. A., Safiullina L. Z., Bodanovskaya Z. D., Heimer R., Levina O. S., Rusakova M. M. Clients of street-based female sex workers and potential bridging of HIV/STI in Russia: results of a pilot study. AIDS care, 2012, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 665–672.

DeLisi M. Career Criminals in Society. Thousand Oaks, Sage, 2005.

Weitzer R. Flawed Theory and Method in Studies of Prostitution. Violence Against Women, 2005, no. 7, pp. 934–949.

Vanwesenbeeck I. Another decade of social scientific work on sex work: a review of research 1990–2000. Annu Rev Sex Res, 2001, vol. 12, pp. 242–289.

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Elder G. H. The life course as developmental theory. Child development, 1998, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 1–12.

Catalano R. F., Hawkins J. D. The social development model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories. New York, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996, pp. 149–197.

Sampson R. J., Laub J. H. A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency. Developmental theories of crime and delinquency, 1997, no. 7, pp. 133–161.

Bronfenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American psychologist, 1997, vol. 32, no. 7, p. 514.

Williamson C. Entrance, maintenance, and exit: The socio-economic influences and cumulative burdens of female street prostitution. Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000, vol. 61 (02), 773A.

Vanwesenbeeck I. Prostitutes’ Well-Being and Risk. Amsterdam, VU University Press, 1994.

Månsson S. A., Hedin U. C. Breaking the Matthew effect–on women leaving prostitution. International Journal of Social Welfare, 1999, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 67–77.

Baker L. M., Dalla R. L., Williamson C. Exiting prostitution: An integrated model. Violence against women, 2012, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 579–600.

Cimino A. N. A predictive theory of intentions to exit street-level prostitution. Violence against women, 2012, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1235–1252.

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