Локальные акторы публичной сферы и их повестка в социальных медиа

Авторы

  • Дарья Игоревна Юдина Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2023.304

Аннотация

Трансформация публичной сферы в результате влияния социальных медиа на публичную коммуникацию заставляет исследователей адаптировать существующие инструменты измерения общественного мнения и  искать новые. Одним из  таких инструментов является процедура создания выборки акторов, формирующих общественное мнение в социальных сетях. Эта процедура определяет не только методологическую составляющую исследования, но и отражает теоретический подход к измерению общественного мнения, который, в свою очередь, является следствием нашего взгляда на публичную сферу. В нашем исследовании мы предложили и протестировали свой вариант классификации акторов публичной сферы Санкт-Петербурга, используя данные из социальной сети «ВКонтакте». Благодаря широкой общей повестке, созданной эпидемией коронавируса, нам удалось проанализировать большое разнообразие акторов, формировавших общественное мнение горожан весной и летом 2020 г. Итоговая классификация содержит в себе онлайн-сообщества и персональные страницы общегородского и районного уровня, принадлежащие СМИ, государственным бюрократическим ведомствам, политикам и партиям, группам интересов, бизнес-организациям и предпринимателям. Помимо создания самой классификации, мы также описали основные элементы их повестки и  составили рейтинг петербургских акторов, формирующих общественное мнение, по доле интереса со стороны пользователей «ВКонтакте». Полученное в результате анализа широкое разнообразие видов повесток: новости, отчеты, жалобы, пропаганда, агитация, реклама, развлечения — заставляет пересмотреть индикаторы отбора текстов из социальных медиа. Проведенное исследование расширило представление о том, какие публичные акторы участвуют в формировании общественного мнения в социальных медиа и какова их повестка.

Ключевые слова:

публичная сфера, социальные медиа, общественное мнение, публичные акторы, российская медиасреда

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Библиографические ссылки

Литература

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* Meta признана экстремистской организацией в Российской Федерации.

References

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Baum M.A., Potter P.B. Media, public opinion, and foreign policy in the age of social media. The Journal of Politics, 2019, no. 81 (2), pp. 747–756.

McGregor S.C. “Taking the temperature of the room”: How political campaigns use social media to understand and represent public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 2020, no. 84 (S1), pp. 236–256.

Bergström A., Jervelycke Belfrage M. News in social media: Incidental consumption and the role of opinion leaders. Digital Journalism, 2018, no. 6 (5), pp. 583–598.

Habermas J. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Moscow, Ves’ Mir Publ., 2016. (In Russian)

Yudin G.B. Public Opinion or Power of Digits. St. Petersburg, European University Publishing in St. Petersburg, 2020. (In Russian)

Walter S. Three models of the European public sphere: An analysis of the actor structure in EU news. Journalism Studies, 2017, no. 18 (6), pp. 749–770.

Price V. The public and public opinion in political theories. The SAGE handbook of public opinion research (pp. 11–24). New York, 2008.

Yudin G. Russia as a plebiscitary democracy. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie, 2021, vol. 20 (2), pp. 9–47. (In Russian)

Cohen J. Deliberation and democratic legitimacy. Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy (pp. 352–370). Milton Park, Routledge, 2005.

Thompson D. F. Deliberative democratic theory and empirical political science. Annual Review of Political Science, 2008, no. 11, pp. 497–520.

Luskin R.C., Fishkin J. S. Deliberative polling, public opinion, and democracy: The case of the National Issues Convention, slightly Revised from a Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, 1998.

Price V., Neijens P. Opinion quality in public opinion research. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1997, no. 9 (4), pp. 336–360.

Meese J., Hurcombe E. Facebook*, news media and platform dependency: The institutional impacts of news distribution on social platforms. New Media & Society, 2020, no. 23 (8), pp. 2367–2384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820926472

Kleis Nielsen R., Ganter S.A. Dealing with digital intermediaries: A case study of the relations between publishers and platforms. New Media & Society, 2018, no. 20 (4), pp. 1600–1617.

Vartanova E. Russian media: A call for theorising the economic change. Russian Journal of Communication, 2019, no. 11 (1), pp. 22–36.

Metzgar E.T., Kurpius D.D., Rowley K.M. Defining hyperlocal media: Proposing a framework for discussion. New Media & Society, 2011, no. 13 (5), pp. 772–787.

Dovbysh O. S. Hyperlocal media as a communication channel between state and society in Russia’s regions. The Journal of Social Policy Studies, 2020, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 475–490. (In Russian)

Litvinenko A., Nigmatullina K. Local dimensions of media freedom: A comparative analysis of news media landscapes in 33 Russian regions. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 2020, no. 28 (3), pp. 393–418.

Judina D., Tsybina O. Assessing electoral potential by interest groups in social media in the context of Russian political system. A.Antonyuk, N.Basov (eds). Networks in the Global World VI.NetGloW 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2022, no. 663, pp. 152–170.

Dubois E., Gaffney D. The multiple facets of influence: Identifying political influentials and opinion leaders on Twitter. American Behavioral Scientist, 2014, no. 58 (10), pp. 1260–1277.

Marcos-García S., Alonso-Muñoz L., López-Meri A. Extending influence on social media: The behaviour of political talk-show opinion leaders on Twitter. Communication & Society, 2020, no. 33 (2), pp. 277–293.

Bertot J.C., Jaeger P.T., Grimes J.M. Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 2010, no. 27 (3), pp. 264–271.

Mergel I. A framework for interpreting social media interactions in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 2013, no. 30 (4), pp. 327–334.

Mossberger K., Wu Yo., Crawford J. Connecting citizens and local governments? Social media and interactivity in major US cities. Government Information Quarterly, 2013, no. 30 (4), pp. 351–358.

Sobaci M.Z., Karkin N. The use of twitter by mayors in Turkey: Tweets for better public services? Government Information Quarterly, 2013, no. 30 (4), pp. 417–425.

Bykov I.A., Martyanov D. S. Studying political communities in vk.com with network analysis. Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies, 2021, no. 3 (1), pp. 64–78.

FOM. Social networking sites and messengers. Available at: https://fom.ru/SMI-i-internet/14555 (accessed: 19.11.2021). (In Russian)

API VK. Method of groups.search. Available at: https://vk.com/dev/groups.search (accessed: 19.11.2021). (In Russian)

Gruzd A., Tsyganova K. Information wars and online activism during the 2013/2014 crisis in Ukraine: Examining the social structures of pro‐and anti‐Maidan groups. Policy & Internet, 2015, no. 7 (2). pp. 121–158.

Myagkov M., Shchekotin E.V., Kashpur V.V., Goiko V.L., Baryshev A.A. Activity of non-parliamentary opposition communities in social networks in the context of the Russian 2016 parliamentary election. East European Politics, 2018, no. 34 (4), pp. 483–502.

New normality — forever? Fontanka. Available at: https://www.fontanka.ru/longreads/69810638/ (accessed: 01.08.2021). (In Russian)

Three hospitals in St. Petersburg stopped accepting patients due to COVID-19. RBC.Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5e84c1989a794783cf5582bc (accessed: 01.08.2021). (In Russian)

API VK.Available at: https://vk.com/dev/methods (accessed: 19.11.2021). (In Russian)

Judina D., Platonov K. Newsworthiness and the public’s response in Russian social media: A comparison of state and private news organizations. Media and Communication, 2019, no. 7 (3), pp. 157–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i3.1910

Gillin P. The New Influencers: A marketer’s guide to the new social media. Fresno, Linden Publishing, 2007.

Khamis S., Ang L., Welling R. Self-branding, “micro-celebrity” and the rise of Social Media Influencers. Celebrity Studies, 2017, no. 8 (2), pp. 191–208.

Kay S., Mulcahy R., Parkinson J. When less is more: The impact of macro and micro social media influencers’ disclosure. Journal of Marketing Management, 2020, no. 36 (3–4), pp. 248–278.

* Meta is recognized as an extremist organization in Russian Federation

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Опубликован

28.01.2024

Как цитировать

Юдина, Д. И. (2024). Локальные акторы публичной сферы и их повестка в социальных медиа. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология, 16(3), 292–308. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2023.304

Выпуск

Раздел

Социология культуры и коммуникаций