Media and audiences in historical and sociological perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2022.307Abstract
What role do audiences play in the formation of the media? What influence do consumer practices have on media? This article explores the relationship between media and audiences from a historical and sociological perspectives. Using a literature review on audiences in media and communications history, this paper analyses the role of audiences in the formation of media and outlines the key terms and concepts for understanding the audiences of different media from a historical perspective. As media studies is an important part of the social sciences, conceptualising the audiences as a key part of media processes is an essential part of understanding media, including their history. It is through a sociological perspective that we can assess the importance of listeners, viewers and readers for the media development. The main terms used in media studies and media education for audience research are discussed. The concept of the media triangle is described in detail to assess the significance of audiences
to media history. The interaction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ media is then described in order to understand historical trajectories. The next section focuses on the analysis of the influence of audiences on the formation of cultural consumption practices of different media such as the press, phonograph, cinema, radio and television broadcasting, and digital media. The key terms used in this article are imagined community, media domestication, implied audience, collective and individual consumption and participatory culture. In the conclusion, paper stresses out the co-existence of the applied concepts in the current media environment as the result of media and communications development since the late 19th century
Keywords:
audiences, media history, old and new media, press, phonograph, cinema, radio, TV broadcasting, digital media
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Литература
Livingstone S.Media audiences, interpreters, users // Gillespie M. (ed.). Media Audiences. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2005. P. 9–50.
Walkosz B., Jolls T., Sund M.Global/Local: Media literacy for the global village // International Media Literacy Research Forum, Inaugural Meeting, Ofcom. London, 2008. P. 1–24 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.medialit.org/sites/default/files/33_globallocal.pdf (дата обращения: 12.04.2022).
Макеенко М.И., Кугушева А.А.Возможности использования политической экономии коммуникации в российской теории медиа // Медиаскоп. 2019. Вып. 4 [Электронный ресурс]. URL:http://www.mediascope.ru/2574 (дата обращения: 12.06.2022).
Winseck D.R., Pike R.M.Communication and empire. Media markets, power and globalization, 1860–1910 // Global Media and Communication. 2008. Vol. 4, no. 1. P. 7–36.
Balbi G.Old and new media. Theorizing their relationships in media historiography // Kinnebrock S., Schwarzenegger C., Birkner T. (eds). Theorien des Medienwandels. Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag, 2015. S. 231–249.
Дженкинс Г.Конвергентная культура. Столкновение старых и новых медиа. М.: Рипол Классик, 2019.
Martin H.-J.The History and Power of Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Андерсон Б.Воображаемые сообщества. Размышления об истоках и распространении национализма. М.: Кучково поле, 2016.
Gitelman L.Scripts, Grooves, and Writing Machines: Representing Technology in the Edison Era. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
Penati C.Il focolare elettronico: Televisione italiana delle origini e culture di visione. Televisione italiana delle origini e culture di visione. Milan: Vita e pensiero, 2013.
Silverstone R., Hirsch E. (eds).Consuming Technologies: Media and information in domestic spaces. London; New York: Routledge, 1992.
Baym N.Personal connections in the digital age. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010.
Mckernan L.‘Only the screen was silent…’ Memories of children’s cinema-going in London before the First World War // Film Studies. 2016. No. 10. P. 1–20.
Сарна А.Я.Технологии воздействия на аудиторию в современном медиапространстве // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология. 2020. Т. 13. Вып. 2. С. 218–235.
Du Gay P., Hall S., Janes L., Mackay H., Negus K.Doing Cultural Studies: The story of the Sony Walkman. Milton Keynes: Open University; Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997.
Livingstone S.Audience research at the crossroads: The ‘implied audience’ in media and cultural theory // European Journal of Cultural Studies. 1998. No. 1 (2). Р. 193–217.
Рикитянская М.Как детей учили слушать(ся): становление радиокружков в Советском Союзе // Логос. 2017. Т. 27, № 5. C. 141–162.
Рыбкина Е.Организованное радиолюбительское движение: Общество друзей радио в Ленинграде (1920-е–1930-е гг.) // Радиовещание: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. СПб.: Центральный музей связи имени А.С.Попова, 2013. С. 58–63.
Jenkins H., Clinton K., Purushotma R., Robison A.J., Weigel M.Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. Cambridge; London: MIT Press, 2009.
Гольбрайх В.Б.Социальные медиа в локальных экологических конфликтах // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология. 2019. Т. 12. Вып. 4. С. 368–384.
Гуреева А.Н., Дунас Д.В., Муронец О.В.Социальные медиа и политика: к вопросу о переосмыслении природы политического участия молодежи // Медиаскоп. 2020. Вып. 3 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.mediascope.ru/2638 (дата обращения: 12.06.2022).
Земнухова Л.Как цифровые технологии трансформируют социальные науки // Этнографическое обозрение. 2020. № 1. С. 23–33.
Vartanova E.The Internet in the structure of the Russian media system // Davydov S. (ed.). Internet in Russia. A Study of the Runet and Its Impact on Social Life. Cham: Springer, 2020. P. 17–39.
Логунова О.С.Концепции определения и измерения интернет-аудитории // Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 2019. Т. 22, № 2. C. 230–246.
Полуэхтова И.А.Исследования аудитории и медиапотребления в цифровой среде: методологические и практические проблемы // Медиаскоп. 2016. Вып. 4 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.mediascope.ru/2199 (дата обращения: 12.04.2022).
Хлевнюк Д. О., Максимова А.С.Родины нашего страха: рецепция фильма Юрия Дудя «Колыма» в социальных сетях // ИНТЕРакция. ИНТЕРвью. ИНТЕРпретация. 2021. Т. 13, № 4. С. 28–46.
References
Livingstone S.Media audiences, interpreters, users. In: Gillespie M.(ed.). Media Audiences. Maidenhead, Open University Press, 2005, pp. 9–50.
Walkosz B., Jolls T., Sund M.Global/Local: Media literacy for the global village. International Media Literacy Research Forum, Inaugural Meeting, Ofcom. London, 2008, pp. 1–24. Available at: http://www.medialit.org/sites/default/files/33_globallocal.pdf. (accessed: 12.04.2022).
Makeenko M.I., Kugusheva A.A.Possibilities of using political economy of communication in Russian media theory. Mediascope, 2019, no. 4. Available at: http://www.mediascope.ru/2574 (accessed: 12.06.2022). (In Russian)
Winseck D.R., Pike R.M.Communication and empire. Media markets, power and globalization, 1860–1910. Global Media and Communication, 2008, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7–36.
Balbi G.Old and new media. Theorizing their relationships in media historiography. In: Kinnebrock S., Schwarzenegger C., Birkner T.(eds). Theorien des Medienwandels. Köln, Herbert von Halem Verlag, 2015, pp. 231–249.
Jenkins H.Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. Moscow, Ripol Klassik Publ., 2019. (In Russian)
Martin H-J.The History and Power of Writing. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Anderson B.Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole Publ., 2016. (In Russian)
Gitelman L.Scripts, Grooves, and Writing Machines: Representing Technology in the Edison Era. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2000.
Penati C.Il focolare elettronico: Televisione italiana delle origini e culture di visione.Televisione italiana delle origini e culture di visione. Milan, Vita e pensiero, 2013.
Silverstone R., Hirsch E. (eds).Consuming Technologies: Media and information in domestic spaces. London; New York, Routledge, 1992.
Baym N.Personal connections in the digital age. Cambridge, Polity Press, 2010.
Mckernan L.‘Only the screen was silent…’ Memories of children’s cinema-going in London before the First World War. Film Studies, 2016, no. 10, pp. 1–20.
Sarna A.Ya.Technologies of influencing the audience in the modern media space. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 2, pp. 218–235. (In Russian)
Du Gay P., Hall S., Janes L., Mackay H., Negus K.Doing Cultural Studies: The story of the Sony Walkman. Milton Keynes, Open University; Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage, 1997.
Livingstone S.Audience research at the crossroads: The ‘implied audience’ in media and cultural theory. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 1998, no. 1 (2), pp. 193–217.
Rikitianskaia M.How children learned to listen: the formation of radio clubs in the Soviet Union. Logos, 2017, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 141–162. (In Russian)
Rybkina E.Organized amateur radio movement: Society of radio friends in Leningrad (1920s–1930s). Radioveshchanie: proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee. St Petersburg, Tsentral’nyi muzei sviazi imeni A. S.Popova Publ., 2013, pp. 58–63. (In Russian)
Jenkins H., Clinton K., Purushotma R., Robison A.J., Weigel M.Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. Cambridge; London, MIT Press, 2009.
Gol’braikh V.B.Social media in local environmental conflicts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 368–384. (In Russian)
Gureeva A.N., Dunas D.V., Muronets O.V.Social media and politics: Towards rethinking the nature of youth political participation. Mediascope, 2020, no. 3. Available at: http://www.mediascope.ru/2638 (accessed: 12.06.2022). (In Russian)
Zemnukhova L.How digital technology is transforming social science. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2020, no. 1, pp. 23–33. (In Russian)
Vartanova E.The Internet in the structure of the Russian media system. In: Davydov S. (ed.). Internet in Russia. A Study of the Runet and Its Impact on Social Life. Cham, Springer, 2020, pp. 17–39.
Logunova O.S.Identifying and measuring the Internet audience. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial’noi antropologii, 2019, no. 22 (2), pp. 230–246. (In Russian)
Poluekhtova I.A.Research on audience and media consumption in digital environment: Methodological and practical problems. Mediascope, 2016, no. 4. http://www.mediascope.ru/2199 (accessed: 12.04.2022). (In Russian)
Khlevnyuk D.O., Maximova А. S.Homeland of our fear: the reception of the film by Yuri Dud “Kolyma” in social networks. INTERaktsia. INTERview. INTERpretatsiia, 2021, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 28–46. (In Russian)
Downloads
Published
2023-01-26
How to Cite
Rikitianskaia, M. (2023). Media and audiences in historical and sociological perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 15(3), 285–298. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2022.307
Issue
Section
Sociology of Culture and Communications
License
Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.
