The attitude of Russians towards corruption
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2020.404Abstract
The article presents an analytical review of modern domestic and foreign research on the sociology of corruption and the psychology of a corrupt person. The necessity of an interdisciplinary study of attitudes towards corruption as well as mental and situational prerequisites for corrupt behavior is substantiated. The empirical results presented in the article are based on data from a large-scale survey conducted in 2018 by experts from the All-Russian “Znanie” Society in cooperation with the National Education Resources Foundation. As a result of the study, a detailed picture of Russians’ ideas about the essence and causes of corruption in Russia, typical behavioral reactions to corrupt situations, and the degree of the citizens’ interest in overcoming corruption was obtained. In the course of a survey of Russians, the dominant ideas about
the consequences of corrupt actions were revealed, and feedback was obtained on the effectiveness of methods to fight corruption. There are contradictions in the attitude of the Russians to corruption, which were revealed. The overwhelming majority of respondents avoids corrupt behavior and understand the costs of corruption for the country’s economy and social development. Almost half of the respondents consider corrupt practices an immoral act, but they will not hesitate to violate legal and cultural norms when it comes to the threat to life and specialized medical care for themselves and loved ones. With a high degree of condemnation of corrupt behavior and recognition of severe punishment of corrupt officials as the most effective measures, the Russians are practically not ready to support the institutions of control and punishment, to participate in the suppression of corruption. The results obtained can be useful for the continued search for reasons of why Russians have a relatively tolerant attitude towards corruption, as well
as the reasons for their involvement in corrupt behavior.
Keywords:
sociology and psychology of corruption, public opinion research, attitudes towards corrupt practices, bribery, consequences of corruption, attitudes towards methods of fighting corruption
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Литература
Alatas S. The Sociology of Corruption: The Nature, Function, Causes and Prevention of Corruption. Singapore: Donald Moore Press Ltd, 1968. 87 p.
Карепова С. Г., Пинчук А. Н., Некрасов С. В. Коррупция в свете социологических теорий // Горизонты гуманитарного знания. 2018. № 2. С. 52–64.
Быстрова А., Сильвестрос М. Феномен коррупции: некоторые исследовательские подходы // Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 2000. Т. 3, № 1. С. 83–101.
Добреньков В. И., Исправникова Н. Р. Коррупция: современные подходы к исследованию. М.: Академический проект; Альма Мастер, 2009. 208 с.
Кирпичников А. И. Взятка и коррупция в России. СПб.: Альфа, 1997. 352 с.
Сатаров Г. А. Как измерять и контролировать коррупцию // Вопросы экономики. 2007. № 1. С. 5–11.
Турчинов А. И., Магомедов К. О. Кадровый потенциал государственной гражданской службы: духовно-нравственные проблемы. М.: Изд-во РАГС, 2010. 118 с.
Куприянов И. С. Бытовая коррупция в современной России: социальное содержание и основные тенденции (на материалах исследований в Ивановской области): автореф. дис. … канд. соц. наук. Нижний Новгород, 2011. 203 с.
Никифорова О. А. Восприятие населением уровня коррупции в профессиональных сферах // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология. 2019. Т. 12, вып. 1. С. 51–66. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.104.
Роуз-Аккерман С. Коррупция и государство. Причины, следствия, реформы. М.: Логос, 2010. 356 с.
Барсукова С. Ю. Ресурсная экономика и сословная рента (о книге С. Кордонского) // Общественные науки и современность. 2012. № 3. С. 33–42.
Мартьянов В. С. Коррупция и сословно-статусная рента в России // Актуальные проблемы научного обеспечения государственной политики Российской Федерации в области противодействия коррупции: материалы 2-й всерос. науч. конф. с межд. участием / отв. ред. В. Н. Руденко. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2016. С. 31–48.
Бессонова О. Э. Институциональная матрица для модернизации России // Вопросы экономики. 2012. № 8. С. 122–144. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-8-122-144.
Дементьев В. В. Система власти и рентное поведение в переходной экономике // Научные труды Донецкого национального технического университета. Серия экономическая. 2001. № 12. С. 55–62.
Глинкина С. П. Феномен коррупции: взгляд экономиста // Новая и новейшая история. 2010. № 4. С. 3–17. URL: http://hist.msu.ru/Journals/NNI/pdfs/Glinkina2010.pdf (дата обращения: 13.08.2020).
Епифанова Н. Исследование коррупции на основе методов экономической теории // Вопросы экономики. 2007. № 1. С. 33–44.
Tannenbaum F. Crime and community. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963. 487 p.
Lemert E. M. Social Pathology. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 1951. 459 p.
Heidenheimer A., Johnston M., Levine V. Political Corruption. A Handbook. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1989. xvi, 1017 р.
Heidenheimer A. Campaign Finance and Political Corruption: Tracing Long-Term Comparative Dynamics. Paper presented at the XVIII World Congress of the IPSA, Quebec City. 2000.
Giannakopoulos A., Maras K., Tanzler D. The social construction of corruption: theoretical reflections/ The social construction of corruption in Europe. London: Routledge, 2016. 352 p.
Нестик Т. А. Коррупция и культура // Экономическая теория преступлений и наказаний: сб. Вып. 4: Теневая экономика в советском и постсоветском обществах. Ч. 2. Статьи. Библиография/ под ред. Л. М. Тимофеева, Ю. В. Латова. М.: РГГУ, 2002. С. 82–94.
Шедий М. В. Коррупция как социальное явление: социологический анализ: дис. … д-ра соц. наук. М.: РАНХиГС, 2015. 393 с.
Притцль Р. Ф. Коррупция, рентоориентированное поведение и организованная преступность в России // Политэконом. 1997. № 1. С. 67.
Дейнека О. С. Психология превентивной политики правонарушений в экономике и бизнесе. Saarbrucken, Deutschland: Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2013. 410 с.
Денисова-Шмидт Е. В., Хубер М., Леонтьева Э. О. Оказывают ли антикоррупционные просветительские кампании влияние на студентов? По результатам исследований в России и Украины // Вопросы образования. 2016. № 1. С. 61–83.
Kerkhoff A. D. N., Hoenderboom M. P., Kroeze D. B. R., Wagenaar F. P. Dutch political corruption in historical perspective: From eighteenth century value pluralism to a nineteenth century dominant liberal value system and beyond // Korruption. Historische Annäherungen an eine Grundfigur politischer Kommunikation / eds. by N. Grüne, S. Slanička. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2010. P. 443–467.
Göttingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht; de Graaf G., Wagenaar F. P., Hoenderboom M. P. Constructing corruption // The Good Cause. Theoretical Perspectives on Corruption / eds by G. de Graaf, P. von Maravic, P. Wagenaar. Opladen: Barbara Budrich, 2010. P. 98–114.
Решетников М. М. Психология коррупции: утопия и антиутопия. СПб.: Изд-во Восточно-Европейского института психоанализа, 2008. 128 с.
Ванновская О. В. Психология коррупционного поведения государственных служащих. М.: Юрайт, 2018. 251 с.
Журавлев А. Л., Китова Д. А., Соснин В. А. Социально-психологические исследования коррупции. М.: Ин-т психологии РАН, 2017. 285 с.
Deyneka O. Attitude toward corruption: two comparative studies. InPACT 2015 International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. Ljbljna, Slovenia. 2 to 4 May. Proceedings / ed. C. Pracana. Lisbon: W.I.A.R.S., 2015. P. 156–159. URL: http://inpact-psychologyconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/InPACT–2015_Proceedings.pdf (дата обращения: 21.11.2019).
Deyneka O. Student’s ideas about the prerequisites and measures to combat corruptions. In-PACT-2019. Zagreb. Croatia. 4–6 May. Proceedings / ed. by C. Pracana, M. Wang. Lisbon: W.I.A.R.S., 2019. P. 173–177. URL: http://inpact-psychologyconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/InPACT-2019_Book-Proceedings.pdf (дата обращения: 21.11.2019).
Nee C., Button M., Shepherd D., Blackbourn D., Leal S. The psychology of the corrupt: some preliminary findings // Journal of Financial Crime. 2019. No. 26 (2). P. 488–495. URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2018-0032 (дата обращения: 20.07.2020).
Blickle G., Schlegel A., Fassbender P., Klein U. Some personality correlates of business white-collar crime // Applied Psychology: An International Review. 2006. No. 55. P. 220–233.
Gbadamosi G. The King’s new clothes in the eyes of the beholder: developing a measurement scale for attitude towards corruption // Management challenges in an environment of increasing regional and global concerns, Proceedings of the 18th World Business Congress (IMDA). 1–5 July 2009. Tbilisi: IMDA, 2009. P. 73–78.
DeCelles K. A., DeRue D. S., Margolis J. D. & Ceranic T. L. Does power corrupt or enable? When and why power facilitates self-interested behavior // Journal of Applied Psychology. 2012. № 97 (3). P. 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026811.
O’Connor S., Fischer R. Predicting Societal Corruption across Time: Values, Wealth, or Institutions? // Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2012. No. 43 (4). P. 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111402344.
Branisa B., Ziegler M. Reexamining the link between gender and corruption: The role of social institutions // Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth. Discussion Papers 24. Courant Research Centre PEG, 2010. Р. 1–26.
Köbis N. C. The psychology of corruption. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, 2018. 193 р.
Gorsira M., Steg L., Denkers A., Huisman W. Corruption in Organizations: Ethical Climate and Individual Motives // Administrative Sciences, MDPI, Open Access Journal. 2018. Vol. 8 (1). P. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8010004.
Саморегуляция и прогнозирование социального поведения личности / под ред. В. А. Ядова. Л.: Наука, 1979. 264 с.
Беркович М. И., Духанина Л. Н., Максименко А. А., Надуткина И. Э. Восприятие коррупции как социально-экономического феномена населением региона: структурный аспект // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. 2019. Т. 12, № 2. С. 161–178. URL: http://esc.vscc.ac.ru/article/28144/full (дата обращения: 08.12.2019).
Китова Д. А. Представления личности о социальных проявлениях коррупции // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология. 2019. Т. 4, № 1 (13). С. 155–190.
Китова Д. А. Психологические особенности отношения современной молодежи к коррупции // Наука. Культура. Общество. 2017. № 2. С. 38–49.
Антонян Ю. М., Бражников Д. А., Гончарова М. В. и др. Комплексный анализ состояния преступности в Российской Федерации и расчетные варианты ее развития: аналитический обзор. М.: ФГКУ «ВНИИ МВД России», 2018. 86 с. URL: https://mvd.ru/upload/site163/document_text/Kompleksnyy_analiz__original-maket_24_04.pdf (дата обращения: 02.02.2019).
Шакирова А. Ю., Абросимова А. В. Эффективность антикоррупционной политики в оценке молодежи Республики Татарстан // Актуальные проблемы научного обеспечения государственной политики Российской Федерации в области противодействия коррупции: сб. тр. по итогам III Всерос. науч. конф. с междунар. участием. Екатеринбург: Ин-т философии и права Урал. отд. РАН. 2019. С. 544–562.
References
Alatas S. The Sociology of Corruption: The Nature, Function, Causes and Prevention of Corruption. Singapore, Donald Moore Press Ltd, 1968. 87 p.
Karepova S. G., Pinchuk A. N., Nekrasov S. V. Corruption in the light of sociological theories. Gorizonty gumanitarnogo znaniya, 2018, no. 2, pp. 52–64. (In Russian)
Bystrova A., Sil’vestros M. The phenomenon of corruption: some research approaches. Zhurnal sociologii i social’noj antropologii, 2000, no. 1, vol. 3, pp. 83–101. (In Russian)
Dobren’kov V. I., Ispravnikova N. R. Corruption: modern approach to research. Moscow, Akademicheskii proekt Publ.; Al’ma Master Publ., 2009. 208 p. (In Russian)
Kirpichnikov A. I. Bribery and corruption in Russia. St. Petersburg, Al’fa Publ., 1997. 352 p. (In Russian)
Satarov G. A. How to measure and control corruption. Voprosy ekonomiki, 2007, no. 1, pp. 5–11. (In Russian)
Turchinov A. I., Magomedov K. O. Staff potential of the state civil service moral problems. Moscow, RAGS Publ., 2010. 118 p. (In Russian)
Kupriyanov I. S. Domestic corruption in Russia: social content and main trends (based on research materials in the Ivanovo region): avtoref. dis. … kand. sociol. nauk. Nizhnii Novgorod, 2011. 203 p. (In Russian)
Nikiforova O. A. Public perception of the level of corruption in professional spheres. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 51–66. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.104. (In Russian)
Rouz-Akkerman S. Corruption and Government. Causes, consequences. Moscow, Logos Publ., 2010. 356 p. (In Russian)
Barsukova S. Yu. Resource economy and estate rent (about the book by S. Kordonskii). Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’, 2012, no. 3, pp. 33–42. (In Russian)
Mart’yanov V. S. Corruption and estate-status rent in Russia. Aktual’nye problemy nauchnogo obespecheniya gosudarstvennoj politiki Rossijskoj Federacii v oblasti protivodejstviya korrupcii (materialy 2-j vseros. nauch. konf. s mezhd. uchastiem). Ed. V. N. Rudenko. Ekaterinburg, UrO RAN Publ., 2016, pp. 31–48. (In Russian)
Bessonova O. E. Institutional matrix for the modernization of Russia. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2012, no. 8, pp. 122–144. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-8-122-144. (In Russian)
Dement’ev V. V. The system of power and rental behavior in a transitional economy. Nauchnye trudy Doneckogo nacional’nogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya ekonomicheskaya. 2001, no. 12, pp. 55–62. (In Russian)
Glinkina S. P. The phenomenon of corruption: an economist’s view. Novaya i novejshaya istoriya, 2010, no. 4, pp. 3–17. Available at: http://hist.msu.ru/Journals/NNI/pdfs/Glinkina2010.pdf (accessed: 13.08.2020). (In Russian)
Epifanova N. Corruption research based on the methods of economic theory. Voprosy ekonomiki, 2007, no. 1, pp. 33–44. (In Russian)
Tannenbaum F. Crime and community. New York, Columbia University Press, 1963. 487 p.
Lemert E. M. Social Pathology. New York, Mcgraw-Hill, 1951. 459 p.
Heidenheimer A., Johnston M., Levine V. Political Corruption. A Handbook. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers, 1989. pp. 17–29.
Heidenheimer A. Campaign Finance and Political Corruption: Tracing Long-Term Comparative Dynamics. Paper presented at the XVIII World Congress of the IPSA, Quebec City, 2000.
Giannakopoulos A., Maras K., Tanzler D. The social construction of corruption: theoretical reflections. The social construction of corruption in Europe. London, Routledge, 2016. 352 p.
Nestik T. A. Corruption and culture. Economic theory of crimes and punishments: sat. Issue 4: Shadow economy in Soviet and post-Soviet societies. Part 2. Articles. Bibliography. Eds L. M. Timofeev, Yu. V. Latov. Moscow, RGGU Publ., 2002, pp. 82–94. (In Russian)
Shedij M. V. Corruption as a social phenomenon: sociological analisys, diss. … dokt. soc. nauk. Moscow, RANEPA Publ., 2015. 393 p. (In Russian)
Pritcl’ R. F. Corruption, rent-seeking behavior and organizes crime in Russia. Politekonom, 1997, no. 1, p. 67. (In Russian)
Deyneka O. S. Psychology of the preventive policy and delinquency in economy and buiseness. Saarbrucken, Deutschland, Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2013. 410 p. (In Russian)
Denisova-SHmidt E. V., Huber M., Leont’eva E. O. Do anti-corruption education campaigns have an impact on students? Based on research results in Russia and Ukraine. Voprosy obrazovaniya, 2016, no. 1, pp. 61–83. (In Russian)
Kerkhoff A. D. N., Hoenderboom M. P., Kroeze D. B. R., Wagenaar F. P. Dutch political corruption in historical perspective: From eighteenth century value pluralism to a nineteenth century dominant liberal value system and beyond. Korruption. Historische Annäherungen an eine Grundfigur politischer Kommunikation. Eds. N. Grüne, S. Slanička. Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2010, pp. 443–467.
Göttingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht; de Graaf G., Wagenaar F. P., Hoenderboom M. P. Constructing corruption. The Good Cause. Theoretical Perspectives on Corruption. Eds. G. de Graaf, P. von Maravic, P. Wagenaar. Opladen, Barbara Budrich, 2010, pp. 98–114.
Reshetnikov M. M. The psychology of corruption: Utopia and Dystopia. St. Petersburg, Vostochno-Evropeiskiy institut psihoanaliza Publ., 2008. 128 p. (In Russian)
Vannovskaya O. V. The psychology of corrupt behavior of civil servants. Moscow, Yurajt Publ., 2018. 251 p. (In Russian)
Zhuravlev A. L., Kitova D. A., Sosnin V. A. Socio-psychological research on corruption. Moscow, In-t psihologii RAN Publ., 2017. 285 p. (In Russian)
Deyneka O. Attitude toward corruption: two comparative studies. InPACT 2015 International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. Ljbljna, Slovenia. 2 to 4 May. Proceedings. Ed. by C. Pracana. Lisbon, W.I.A.R.S., 2015, pp. 156–159. Available at: http://inpact-psychologyconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/InPACT-2015_Proceedings.pdf (accessed: 21.11.2019).
Deyneka O. Student’s ideas about the prerequisites and measures to combat corruptions. InPACT-2019. Zagreb. Croatia. 4–6 May. Proceedings. Ed. C. Pracana M. Wang. Lisbon, W. I. A. R. S., 2019, pp. 173–177. Available at: http://inpact-psychologyconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/In-PACT-2019_Book-Proceedings.pdf (accessed: 21.11.2019).
Nee C., Button M., Shepherd D., Blackbourn D., Leal S. The psychology of the corrupt: some preliminary findings. Journal of Financial Crime, 2019, no. 26 (2), pp. 488–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2018-0032.
Blickle G., Schlegel A., Fassbender P., Klein U. Some personality correlates of business white-collar crime. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 2006, no. 55, pp. 220–233.
Gbadamosi G. The King’s new clothes in the eyes of the beholder: developing a measurement scale for attitude towards corruption. Management challenges in an environment of increasing regional and global concerns, Proceedings of the 18-th World Business Congress (IMDA). 1–5 July 2009. Tbilisi, IDMA, 2009, pp. 73–78.
DeCelles K. A., DeRue D. S., Margolis J. D., Ceranic T. L. Does power corrupt or enable? When and why power facilitates self-interested behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2012, no. 97 (3), pp. 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026811.
O’Connor S., Fischer R. Predicting Societal Corruption across Time: Values, Wealth, or Institutions? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2012, no. 43 (4), pp. 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111402344.
Branisa B., Ziegler M. Reexamining the link between gender and corruption: The role of social institutions. Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth. Discussion Papers 24. Courant Research Centre PEG, 2010, рр. 1–26.
Köbis N. C. The psychology of corruption. Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, 2018. 193 р.
Gorsira M., Steg L., Denkers A., Huisman W. Corruption in Organizations: Ethical Climate and Individual Motives. Administrative Sciences, MDPI, Open Access Journal, 2018, vol. 8 (1), рр. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8010004.
Self-regulations and prediction of social behavior of a reson. Ed. V. A. Yadov. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1979. 264 p. (In Russian)
Berkovich M. I., Duhanina L. N., Maksimenko A. A., Nadutkina I. E. Perception of corruption as a socio-economic phenomenon by the population of the region: structural aspect. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz, 2019, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 161–178. Available at: http://esc.vscc.ac.ru/article/28144/full (accessed: 08.12.2019). (In Russian)
Kitova D. A. Personal perceptions of social manifestations of corruption. Institut psihologii Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Sotsial’naia i ekonomicheskaia psihologiia, 2019, vol. 4, no. 1 (13), pp. 155–190. (In Russian)
Kitova D. A. Psychological features of the attitude of modern youth to corruption. Nauka. Kul’tura. Obshchestvo, 2017, no. 2, pp. 38–49. (In Russian)
Antonyan Yu. M., Brazhnikov D. A., Goncharova M. V. et al. Comprehensive analysis of the state of crime in the Russian Federation and estimated options for its development: an analytical review. Moscow, FGKU «VNII MVD Rossii» Publ., 2018. 86 p. Available at: https://mvd.ru/upload/site163/document_text/Kompleksnyy_analiz__original-maket_24_04.pdf (accessed: 02.02.2019). (In Russian)
Shakirova A. Yu., Abrosimova A. V. The effectiveness of anti-corruption policy in assessing the youth of the Republic of Tatarstan. Aktual’nye problemy nauchnogo obespecheniia gosudarstvennoi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii v oblasti protivodeistviia korruptsii: sb. tr. po itogam Tret’ei Vseros. nauch. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem. Ekaterinburg, In-t filosofii i prava Ural. otd. RAN Publ., 2019, pp. 544–562. (In Russian)
Downloads
Published
2021-01-14
How to Cite
Maksimenko, A. A., Deyneka, O. S., Krylova, D. V., & Dukhanina, L. N. (2021). The attitude of Russians towards corruption. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 13(4), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2020.404
Issue
Section
Social Problems of the Russian Society
License
Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.
