From incentive to self-organization: The evolution of management approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2020.203Abstract
This article is an overview of approaches to managing labor motivation Evolution from classical Taylorism to modern agile methods. The author considers the main approaches to work motivation in the context of their relationship with the basic principles of the agile. In the 20th century management evolved from simple forms to complex hierarchical organization, depersonalization and bureaucratization of business processes until it became a hindrance to development
and competitiveness. After that the reverse movement begins — towards a flatter management structure and proclamation of the priority of “people and relationships” in relation to “processes and tools”, to “motivation without stimulation”. The logic regarding employee motivation has undergone changes: from the idea that motivation can and should be controlled with external incentives to the belief that any attempt to exert external influence can demotivate employees. The author has developed a typology of approaches to work motivation based on the severity of two components in the theory: “system — actor”; and “stimulation — self-organization”. The system-actor dichotomy shows how the theory explains labor motivation: focusing attention on the control system or on the individual characteristics of the actor, needs or work values. The dichotomy “stimulation — self-organization” explains how it is supposed to influence the motivation of an individual or group: through targeted stimulation or the creation of conditions for self-organization. These dichotomies were chosen to highlight the typology in connection with their importance for the agile approach. The article focuses on three aspects of motivation: material incentives, social environment, labor content. These aspects are of the greatest importance for agile management, and a focus on them allows you to see the fundamental differences between agile practices and traditional management approaches.
Keywords:
motivation, work values, agile, social group, involvement, self-organization, attitudes
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Литература
Drucker P. Managing in the Next Society. Griffin; Reprint edition, 2002.
Тихонова Н. Е. Факторы жизненного успеха и социального статуса в сознании россиян // Вестник Института социологии. 2018. Т. 9, № 4 (27). С. 11–43.
Serrador P., Pinto J. Does Agile work? — A quantitative analysis of agile project success, International Journal of Project Management. 2015. Vol. 33, no. 5. Р. 1040–1051.
Masood Z., Hoda R., Blincoe K. Motivation for self-assignment: Factors agile software developers consider. Proceedings — 2017 // IEEE/ACM 10th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering. 2017. Р. 92–93.
Melo R., Santana C., Kon F. Developers motivation in agile teams// 38th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications. 2012. Р. 376–383.
Hodgson D., Briand L. Controlling the uncontrollable: ‘Agile’ teams and illusions of autonomy in creative work // SAGE Journal. 2013. Vol. 27, no. 2. Р. 308–325.
Whitworth E., Biddle R. Motivation and Cohesion in Agile Teams // Conference Paper, International Conference on Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering. 2007. Р. 62–69.
Котлер Ф. Основы маркетинга. М.: Бизнес-книга, 1995.
David P. Key Performance Indicators: Developing, Implementing and Using Winning KPI’s. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, inc., 2007.
Hope J., Fraser R. Beyond Budgeting: How Managers Can Break Free from the Annual Performance Trap. Harvard Business Press, 2003.
Kaplan R. S., Norton D. P. The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Harvard Business Review Press, 1996.
Kerr N. L., MacCoun R. J. Role expectations in social dilemmas: Sex roles and task motivation in groups // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1985. Vol. 49, no. 6. Р. 1547–1556. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1547.
Маркс К., Ф. Энгельс. Собрание сочинений: в 50 т. Т. 42. Экономическо-философские рукописи 1844 года. М.: Политиздат. 1974. С. 41–174.
Mayo E. The human problems of an industrial civilization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1933.
Maslow A. K. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.
Alderfer C. P., Kaplan R. E., Smith K. K. The effect of variations in relatedness need satisfaction on relatedness desires // Administrative Science Quarterly. 1974. Vol. 19, no. 4. Р. 507–532.
Lawler E., Porter L. Antecedent attitudes of effective managerial performance // Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1967. Vol. 2. Р. 122–142.
Herzberg F. The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966.
Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health // Canadian Psychology. 2008. Vol. 49, no. 3. Р. 182–185.
Герчиков В. И. Типологическая концепция трудовой мотивации (часть 1) // Мотивация и оплата труда. 2005. № 2. С. 53–62.
Герчиков В. И. Типологическая концепция трудовой мотивации (часть 2) // Мотивация и оплата труда. 2005. № 3. С. 2–6.
Титаренко Л. Г. Модернизационный потенциал студенческой молодежи Беларуси: опыт эмпирического исследования // Петербургская социология сегодня. 2017. № 8. С. 7–17.
Магун В. С., Монусова Г. А. Иерархии трудовых ценностей в европейских странах // XIV Апрельская международная научная конференция по проблемам развития экономики и общества: в 4-х кн. / отв. ред.: Е. Г. Ясин. Кн. 3. М.: Изд. дом НИУ ВШЭ, 2014. С. 516–526.
Руднев М. Г., Магун В. С. Межпоколенная динамика базовых ценностей: постсоциалистические страны в сравнении со странами Западной и Северной Европы // XIV Апрельская международная научная конференция по проблемам развития экономики и общества: в 4-х кн. / отв. ред.: Е. Г. Ясин. Кн. 3. М.: Изд. дом НИУ ВШЭ, 2014. С. 537–548.
Weber M. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York, 1958.
Halaby C. N. Where Job Values Come from: Family and Schooling Background, Cognitive Ability, and Gender // American Sociological Review. 2003. № 68 (2). Р. 251–278.
Heslin P. A. Conceptualizing and evaluating career success // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2005. № 26. Р. 113–136.
Rokeach M. The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press, 1973.
Schwartz S. H. Universals in Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries // Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1992. № 25. Р. 1–66.
Pink D. H. Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. Riverhead Books, 2011.
Baard P. P., Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well‐being in two work settings // Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2004. 34 (10). Р. 2045–2068.
Melo R., Santana C., Kon F. Developers motivation in agile teams // 38th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, 2012.
Westerman J. Unequal involvement, unequal attainment? A theoretical reassessment and empirical analysis of the value of motivation in the labor market // Social Science Research. 2018. № 76. Р. 169–185.
Sprenger R. K. Mythos Motivation. Wege aus einer Sackgasse, Campus Verlag, 2002.
Sutherland J. Scrum: The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time, Crown Publishing Group, 2014.
Maximini D. The Scrum Culture: Introducing Agile Methods in Organizations, Springer International Publishing, 2018.
Peter M., Lazaro W., Christiane B. Agile Foundations: Principles, Practices and Frameworks, BCS, 2015.
Zuckerman M., Porac J., Lathin D., Smith R., Deci E. L. On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically motivated behavior // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1978. № 4. Р. 443–446.
Amabile T. M., Goldfarb P., Brackfield S. C. Social influences on creativity: Evaluation, coaction, and surveillance // Creativity Research Journal. 1990. № 3 (1). Р. 6–21.
McGraw. K. O. The detrimental effects of reward on performance: A literature review and a prediction model // M. R. Lepper & D. Greene (eds). The hidden costs of reward, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1978. Р. 33–60.
Темницкий А. Л. Феномен справедливости в оплате труда медицинских работников // Мир России. 2017. Т. 26, № 3. С. 64–89.
Consiglio C., Cenciotti R., Borgogni L., Alessandri G., Schwartz S. H. The WVal: A New Measure of Work Values // Journal of Career Assessment. 2017. № 25 (3). Р. 405–422.
Whitworth E., Biddle R. Motivation and Cohesion in Agile Teams // Conference Paper, International Conference on Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 2007, pp. 69.
References
Drucker P. Managing in the Next Soci Society. Griffin; Reprint edition, 2002.
Tikhonova N. E. Factors of life success and social status of Russians. Vestnik Instituta sotsiologii, 2018, no. 27, pp. 11–43. (In Russian)
Serrador P., Pinto J. Does Agile work? A quantitative analysis of agile project success. International Journal of Project Management, 2015, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1040–1051.
Masood Z., Hoda R., Blincoe K. Motivation for self-assignment: Factors agile software developers consider. Proceedings — 2017 IEEE/ACM 10th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, 2017, pp. 92–93.
Melo R., Santana C., Kon F. Developers motivation in agile teams. 38th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, 2012, pp. 376–383.
Hodgson D., Briand L. Controlling the uncontrollable: ‘Agile’ teams and illusions of autonomy in creative work. SAGE Journal, 2013, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 308–325.
Whitworth E., Biddle R. Motivation and Cohesion in Agile Teams. International Conference on Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 2007, pp. 62–69.
Kotler F. Fundamentals of marketing. Мoscow, Biznes-kniga Publ., 1995. (In Russian)
David P. Key Performance Indicators: Developing, Implementing and Using Winning KPI’s. New Jersey, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.
Hope J., Fraser R. Beyond Budgeting: How Managers Can Break Free from the Annual Performance Trap. Harvard Business Press, 2003.
Kaplan R. S., Norton D. P. The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Harvard Business Review Press, 1996.
Kerr N. L., MacCoun R. J. Role expectations in social dilemmas: Sex roles and task motivation in groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1985, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1547–1556. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1547.
Marx K. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Мoscow, Politizdat Publ., 1974, vol. 42, pp. 41–174. (In Russian)
Mayo E. The human problems of an industrial civilization. Cambridge, MA, Harvard, 1933.
Maslow A. K. Motivation and Personality. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1954.
Alderfer C. P., Kaplan R. E., Smith K. K. The effect of variations in relatedness need satisfaction on relatedness desires. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1974, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 507–532.
Lawler E., Porter L. Antecedent attitudes of effective managerial performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1967, vol. 2, pp. 122–142.
Herzberg F. The motivation to work. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1966.
Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. Self-determination theory: A macro-theory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 2008, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 182–185.
Gerchikov V. I. The Typological Conception of Work Motivation (part 1). Motivatsiia i oplata truda, 2005, no. 2, pp. 53–62. (In Russian)
Gerchikov V. I. The Typological Conception of Work Motivation (part 2). Motivatsiia i oplata truda, 2005, no. 3, pp. 2–6. (In Russian)
Titarenko L. G. The modernization potential of Belarusian students: an empirical study. Peterburgskaia sotsiologiia segodnia, 2017, no. 8, pp. 7–17. (In Russian)
Magun V. S., Monusova G. A. Hierarchies of work values in European countries. XIV Aprel’skaia mezhdunarodnaia nauchnaia konferentsiia po problemam razvitiia ekonomiki i obshchestva: v 4-kh kn., ed. by E. G. Iasin. Kn. 3. Moscow, Izd. dom NIU VShE Publ., 2014, pp. 516–526. (In Russian)
Rudnev M. G., Magun V. S. Intergenerational dynamics of basic values: post-socialist countries in comparison with countries of Western and Northern Europe. Aprel’skaia mezhdunarodnaia nauchnaia konferentsiia po problemam razvitiia ekonomiki i obshchestva: v 4-kh kn., ed. by E. G. Iasin. Kn. 3. Moscow, Izd. dom NIU VShE Publ., 2014, pp. 537–548. (In Russian)
Weber M. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York, 1958.
Halaby C. N. Where Job Values Come from: Family and Schooling Background, Cognitive Ability, and Gender. American Sociological Review, 2003, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 251–278.
Heslin P. A. Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2005, vol. 26, pp. 113–136.
Rokeach M. The Nature of Human Values. New York, The Free Press, 1973.
Schwartz S. H. Universals in Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1992, vol. 25, pp. 1–66.
Pink D. H. Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. New York, Riverhead Books, 2011.
Baard P. P., Deci E. L., Ryan R. M. Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well‐being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2011, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 2045–2068.
Melo R., Santana C., Kon F. Developers motivation in agile teams. 38th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, 2012.
Westerman J. Unequal involvement, unequal attainment? A theoretical reassessment and empirical analysis of the value of motivation in the labor market. Social Science Research, 2018, vol. 76, pp. 169–185.
Sprenger R. K. Mythos Motivation. Wege aus einer Sackgasse. Frankfurt; New York, Campus Verlag, 2002.
Sutherland J. Scrum: The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time. New York, Crown Publishing Group, 2014.
Maximini D. The Scrum Culture: Introducing Agile Methods in Organizations. New York, Springer International Publ., 2018.
Peter M., Lazaro W., Christiane B. Agile Foundations: Principles, Practices and Frameworks, BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, London, 2015.
Zuckerman M., Porac J., Lathin D., Smith R., Deci E. L. On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically motivated behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1978, vol. 4, pp. 443–446.
Amabile T. M., Goldfarb P., Brackfield S. C. Social influences on creativity: Evaluation, coaction, and surveillance. Creativity Research Journal, 1990, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6–21.
McGraw. K. O. The detrimental effects of reward on performance: A literature review and a prediction model. In: M. R. Lepper, D. Greene (eds). The hidden costs of reward. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, 1978, pp. 33–60.
Temnitskii A. L. The phenomenon of fairness in the remuneration of medical workers. Mir Rossii, 2017, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 64–89. (In Russian)
Consiglio C., Cenciotti R., Borgogni L., Alessandri G., Schwartz S. H. The WVal: A New Measure of Work Values. Journal of Career Assessment, 2017, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 405–422.
Whitworth E., Biddle R. Motivation and Cohesion in Agile Teams, Conference Paper. International Conference on Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 2007, p. 69.
Downloads
Published
2020-09-23
How to Cite
Orlova, N. A. (2020). From incentive to self-organization: The evolution of management approaches. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 13(2), 144–160. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2020.203
Issue
Section
Sociology of labor and professions
License
Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.
