Stereotypes of appearance in modern children’s Russian animation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu12.2018.111

Abstract

This paper represents works of Russian animation as a source of social discrimination, namely as a mean of reproducing stereotypes about appearance. In the study, two hypotheses are tested, the first of which is that repetitive stereotyped links “appearance-character traits” can be identified in animated films. We assume that there is a set of visual markers that characterize the appearance of the animated characters, while heroes that are externally labeled in a certain way are assigned specific character traits according to the script. The second hypothesis contains the assumption that the “patterned” external images of characters can be associated with a certain set of situations in which this character acts. Three modern Russian animated series (“Smeshariki”, “Barboskiny”, “Belka i Strelka. Ozornaya semeyka”) are analysed. In the first part of the empirical study, the appearance of the characters is compared with their character, and as a result, the main types for these cartoons are determined. In the second part, the relationship between the type of the hero and the list of topics in the context of which he arises is explored. Analyzing and comparing features of the external appearance of characters and their specific traits, it was possible to find stable types: the hero, the character-girl, the clever, the beauty, the villain. The actions of such heroes are limited to plots reproducing social stereotypes, above all, about leadership, beauty, intellect, gender. Such a repetition of topics in which characters are interviewed makes it possible to say that replicating stereotypes about appearance is not a simple deliberate choice of multipliers, but a hidden reproduction of stereotypes circulating in modern Russian society.

Keywords:

discrimination on appearance, lookism, children’s animation, stereotypes

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
 

References

Литература

Суанова И., Хлопкова О. Обзор показателей платных каналов в телесезоне 2016/2017. URL:http://www.cableman.ru/article/obzor-pokazatelei-platnykh-kanalov-v-telesezone-20162017 (дата обращения: 23.10.2017).

70 % российских подростков и молодых людей до 25 лет смотрит мультфильмы // MOMRI. Институт современных медиа. URL: http://momri.org/70-rossiyskikh-podro (дата обращения: 23.10.2017).

О мультфильмах // Фонд «Общественное мнение». URL: http://fom.ru/Rabota-i-dom/11368 (дата обращения: 23.10.2017).

Орех Е. А. Феномен лукизма и возможности его социологического анализа // Социологический журнал. 2016. № 3. С. 67–81. DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2016.22.3.4585.

Lawson A., Fouts G. Mental Illness in Disney Animated Films // The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2004. Vol. 49, is. 5. P. 310–314.

Li-Vollmer M., LaPointe M. Gender Transgression and Villainy in Animated Film // Popular Communication. 2003. Vol. 1, is. 2. P. 89–109.

Goldstein A. O., Sobel R. A., Newman G. R. Tobacco and Alcohol Use in G-Rated Children’s Animated Films. URL: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/189199 (дата обращения: 23.10.2017).

Hoerrner K. Gender Roles in Disney Films: Analyzing Behaviors from Snow White to Simba // Women’s Studies in Communication. 1996. Vol. 19, is. 2. P. 213–228.

Robinson T., Callister M., Magoffin D., Moore J. The portrayal of older characters in Disney animated films // Journal of Aging Studies. 2007. Vol. 21, is. 3. P. 203–213.

Tanner L., Haddock S., Zimmerman T., Lund L. Images of Couples and Families in Disney Feature-Length Animated Films // The American Journal of Family Therapy. 2003. Vol. 31, is. 5. P. 355–373.

Thompson K., Yokota F. Depiction of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances in G-Rated Animated Feature Films // Pediatrics. 2001. Vol. 107 (6). P. 1369–1374.

Yokota F., Thompson K. M. Violence in G-Rated Animated Films. URL: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/192741 (дата обращения: 23.10.2017).

Lutts R. The Trouble with Bambi: Walt Disney’s Bambi and the American Vision of Nature // Forest & Conservation History. 1992. Vol. 36, is. 4. P. 160–171.

Собкин В. С. Телевидение и образование: опыт социологических исследований 1980–90-х // Образование и информационная культура. Социологические аспекты. Труды по социологии образования. Т. V, вып. VII. М.: Центр социологии образования РАО, 2000. С. 11–94.

Собкин В. С., Феофанова Т. А. Телевидение в жизни современных подростков // Социология образования. Труды по социологии образования. Т. XV, вып. XXVI / под ред. В. С. Собкина. М.: Институт социологии образования РАО, 2011. С. 217–231.

Баженова Л. М., Собкин В. С. Телевидение в школе // Советская педагогика. 1988. № 10. С. 139–140.

Баженова Л. М., Собкин В. С., Шариков А. В. Не вместо нас, а вместе с нами // Семья и школа. 1986. № 12. С. 42–44.

Баженова Л. М., Собкин В. С., Шариков А. Г. Социально-психологические проблемы координации телевидения и школы // Актуальные проблемы социальной психологии. Тезисы научных сообщений Всесоюзного симпозиума по социальной психологии. Кострома, 1986. Ч. 1. С. 90–91.

Грачева А. М. Художественный кинематограф на российском телевидении: по результатам контент-анализа телевизионных программ // Образование и информационная культура: социологические аспекты / под ред. В. С. Собкина (Труды по социологии образования. Т. 5, вып. 7). М.: Центр социологии образования РАО, 2000. С. 95–138.

Собкин В. С., Баженова Л. М., Франко Г. Ю., Шариков А. В. Использование телевидения в учебно-воспитательном процессе // Обзоры по информационному обеспечению общесоюзных научно- педагогических программ. Обзорная информация. Вып. 3 (23). М., 1987. С. 23.

Собкин В. С. Отношение учителя к телевидению как средству оптимизации учебно-воспитательного процесса // Эстетическое воспитание учащейся молодежи — задачи, теория, практика, перспективы. Тезисы Всесоюзного научно-практического семинара (30 мая — 1 июня 1988 г.). М., 1988. С. 116–117.

Собкин В. С., Хлебникова М. В., Грачева А. М. Насилие и эротика на российском телевидении: по результатам контент-анализа телевизионных трансляций // Образование и информационная культура. Социологические аспекты (Труды по социологии образования. Т. 5, вып. 7). М.: Центр социологии образования РАО, 2000. С. 139–161.

Медведева Е. А. Особенности телетрансляции мультфильмов, ориентированных на детей дошкольного возраста // Социология дошкольного воспитания / под ред. В. С. Собкина (Труды по социологии образования. Т. 11, вып. 19). М.: Центр социологии образования РАО, 2006. С. 65–71.

Гордиенко Я. С. Выразительные средства современной отечественной анимации // Научный журнал «Апробация». 2016. № 3 (42). С. 88–93.

Васильева В. П. Образ советского чиновника в сатирических мультфильмах эпохи «оттепели» // Журнал социально-гуманитарных исследований «Лабиринт». 2015. № 5. С. 56–63.

Мифтахова А. Н., Ялин Ч. Женские образы в мультипликационном цикле о трех богатырях. // И. А. Бодуэн де Куртенэ и мировая лингвистика. Международная конференция (V Бодуэновские чтения): труды и материалы / под общ. ред. К. Р. Галиуллина, Е. А. Горобец, Г. А. Николаева. Казань: Изд-во Казанского университета, 2015. С. 208–210.

Ромашова М. В. От истории анимации к истории детства в СССР: постановка проблемы // Вестн. Пермск. ун-та. 2011. № 3 (17). С. 114–119.

Orekh E., Bogomiagkova E. Lookism in the visual communication: a sociological analysis of modern Russian children’s animation // 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2015. Book 1: Psychology and Psychiatry, Sociology and Healthcare, Education Conference Proceedings, vol. I. P. 665–672.

Ткач В. П. Влияние мультфильмов на социализацию детей // Социология. 2010. № 2. С. 199–206.

Кривуля Н. Г. «Страшные» мультфильмы современной анимации // Культурно-историческая психология. 2014. № 4. С. 57–65.

Кривуля Н. Г. Лабиринты анимации: Исследования художественного образа российских анимационных фильмов второй половины ХХ в. М.: Грааль, 2002. 293 с.

Кривуля Н. Г. Анимационный персонаж. М.: Аметист, 2015. 456 с.


References

Suanova I., Khlopkova O. Obzor pokazatelei platnykh kanalov v telesezone 2016/2017 [Review of indicators of paid channels in the TV season of 2016/2017]. Available at: http://www.cableman.ru/article/obzorpokazatelei-platnykh-kanalov-v-telesezone-20162017 (accessed: 23.10.2017). (In Russian)

70 % rossiiskikh podrostkov i molodykh liudei do 25 let smotrit mul’tfil’my [70 % of Russian teenagers and young people under 25 watch cartoons]. MOMRI Institute. Available at: http://momri.org/70-rossiyskikh-podro (accessed: 23.10.2017). (In Russian)

O mul’tfil’makh [About cartoons]. “Obshchestvennoe mnenie” Foundation. Available at: http://fom.ru/Rabota-i-dom/11368 (accessed: 23.10.2017). (In Russian)

Orekh E. A. Fenomen lukizma i vozmozhnosti ego sotsiologicheskogo analiza [The phenomenon of Lookism and the possibilities of its sociological analysis]. Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal, 2016, no. 3, pp. 67–81. DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2016.22.3.4585 (In Russian)

Lawson A., Fouts G. Mental Illness in Disney Animated Films. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2004, vol. 49, is. 5, pp. 310–314.

Li-Vollmer M., LaPointe M. Gender Transgression and Villainy in Animated Film. Popular Communication, 2003, vol. 1, is. 2, pp. 89–109.

Goldstein A. O., Sobel R. A., Newman G. R. Tobacco and Alcohol Use in G-Rated Children’s Animated Films. Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/189199 (accessed: 23.10.2017).

Hoerrner K. Gender Roles in Disney Films: Analyzing Behaviors from Snow White to Simba. Women’s Studies in Communication, 1996, vol. 19, is. 2, pp. 213–228.

Robinson T., Callister M., Magoffin D., Moore J. The portrayal of older characters in Disney animated films. Journal of Aging Studies, 2007, vol. 21, is. 3, pp. 203–213.

Tanner L., Haddock S., Zimmerman T., Lund L. Images of Couples and Families in Disney Feature-Length Animated Films. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 2003, vol. 31, is. 5, pp. 355–373.

Thompson K., Yokota F. Depiction of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances in G-Rated Animated Feature Films. Pediatrics, 2001, vol. 107 (6), pp. 1369–1374.

Yokota F., Thompson K. M. Violence in G-Rated Animated Films. Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/192741 (accessed: 23.10.2017).

Lutts R. The Trouble with Bambi: Walt Disney’s Bambi and the American Vision of Nature. Forest & Conservation History, 1992, vol. 36, is. 4, pp. 160–171.

Sobkin V. S. Televidenie i obrazovanie: opyt sotsiologicheskikh issledovanii 1980–90-kh [Television and education: the experience of sociological studies of the 1980s and 1990s]. Obrazovanie i informatsionnaia kul’tura. Sotsiologicheskie aspekty (Trudy po sotsiologii obrazovaniia) [Education and information culture. Sociological aspects. Proceedings of the Sociology of Education], vol. 5, is. 7. Moscow, Tsentr sotsiologii obrazovaniia RAO Publ., 2000, pp. 11–94. (In Russian)

Sobkin V. S., Feofanova T. A. Televidenie v zhizni sovremennykh podrostkov [Television in the life of modern adolescents]. Sotsiologiia obrazovaniia. Trudy po sotsiologii obrazovaniia [Sociology of Education. Proceedings of the Sociology of Education], vol. 15, is. 26. Ed. V. S. Sobkin. Moscow, Institut sotsiologii obrazovaniia RAO Publ., 2011, pp. 217–231. (In Russian)

Bazhenova L. M., Sobkin V. S. Televidenie v shkole [Television in school]. Sovetskaia pedagogika, 1988, no. 10, pp. 139–140. (In Russian)

Bazhenova L. M., Sobkin V. S., Sharikov A. V. Ne vmesto nas, a vmeste s nami [Not in our place, but with us]. Sem’ia i shkola, 1986, no. 12, pp. 42–44. (In Russian)

Bazhenova L. M., Sobkin V. S., Sharikov A. G. Sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy koordinatsii televideniia i shkoly [Socio-psychological problems of the coordination of television and school]. Aktual’nye problemy sotsial’noi psikhologii. Tezisy nauchnykh soobshchenii Vsesoiuznogo simpoziuma po sotsial’noi psikhologii [Actual problems of social psychology. Theses of scientific reports of the all-Union Symposium on Social Psychology]. Kostroma, 1986, pt. 1, pp. 90–91. (In Russian)

Gracheva A. M. Khudozhestvennyi kinematograf na rossiiskom televidenii: po rezul’tatam kontentanaliza televizionnykh programm [Artistic cinematography on Russian television: based on the content analysis of television programs]. Obrazovanie i informatsionnaia kul’tura: sotsiologicheskie aspekty [Education and information culture: sociological aspects]. Ed. V. S. Sobkin (Trudy po sotsiologii obrazovaniia [Proceedings of the Sociology of Education], vol. 5, is. 7). Moscow, Tsentr sotsiologii obrazovaniia RAO Publ., 2000, pp. 95–138. (In Russian)

Sobkin V. S., Bazhenova L. M., Franko G. Iu., Sharikov A. V. Ispol’zovanie televideniia v uchebnovospitatel’nom protsesse [The use of television in the teaching and educational process]. Obzory po informatsionnomu obespecheniiu obshchesoiuznykh nauchno-pedagogicheskikh programm. Obzornaia informatsiia [Reviews on the information support of all-Union scientific and pedagogical programs. Overview information], is. 3 (23). Moscow, 1987. 52 p. (In Russian)

Sobkin V. S. Otnoshenie uchitelia k televideniiu kak sredstvu optimizatsii uchebno-vospitatel’nogo protsessa [The teacher’s attitude to television as a means of optimizing the teaching and upbringing process]. Esteticheskoe vospitanie uchashcheisia molodezhi — zadachi, teoriia, praktika, perspektivy. Tezisy Vsesoiuznogo nauchno-prakticheskogo seminara (30 maia — 1 iiunia 1988 g.) [Aesthetic education of students — tasks, theory, practice, prospects. Theses of the all-Union Scientific and Practical Seminar (30 of May — 1st of June]. Moscow, 1988, pp. 116–117. (In Russian)

Sobkin V. S., Khlebnikova M. V., Gracheva A. M. Nasilie i erotika na rossiiskom televidenii: po rezul’tatam kontent-analiza televizionnykh transliatsii [Violence and eroticism on Russian television: based on the content analysis of television broadcasts]. Obrazovanie i informatsionnaia kul’tura. Sotsiologicheskie aspekty [Education and information culture. Sociological aspects] (Trudy po sotsiologii obrazovaniia [Proceedings of the Sociology of Education], vol. 5, is. 7). Moscow, Tsentr sotsiologii obrazovaniia RAO Publ., 2000, pp. 139–161. (In Russian)

Medvedeva E. A. Osobennosti teletransliatsii mul’tfil’mov, orientirovannykh na detei doshkol’nogo vozrasta [Features of televised broadcast of cartoons targeted at preschool children]. Sotsiologiia doshkol’nogo vospitaniia [Sociology of preschool education]. Ed. V. S. Sobkin (Trudy po sotsiologii obrazovaniia [Proceedings of the Sociology of Education], vol. 11, is. 19). Moscow, Tsentr sotsiologii obrazovaniia RAO Publ., 2006, p. 65–71. (In Russian)

Gordienko Ia. S. Vyrazitel’nye sredstva sovremennoi otechestvennoi animatsii [Expressive means of modern Russian animation]. Nauchnyi zhurnal «Aprobatsiia» [Scientific journal “Approbation”], 2016, no. 3 (42), pp. 88–93. (In Russian)

Vasil’eva V. P. Obraz sovetskogo chinovnika v satiricheskikh mul’tfil’makh epokhi «ottepeli» [The image of a Soviet official in satirical cartoons of the “thaw” era]. Zhurnal sotsial’no-gumanitarnykh issledovanii «Labirint» [Journal of Social and Humanitarian Studies “Labyrinth”], 2015, no. 5, pp. 56–63. (In Russian)

Miftakhova A. N., Ialin Ch. Zhenskie obrazy v mul’tiplikatsionnom tsikle o trekh bogatyriakh [Female images in the animation cycle of three heroes]. I. A. Boduen de Kurtene i mirovaia lingvistika. Mezhdunarodnaia konferentsiia (V Boduenovskie chteniia): trudy i materialy [I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay and World Linguistics. International Conference (V Baudouin Readings): Works and Materials, eds. K. R. Galiullin, E. A. Gorobets, G. A. Nikolaev]. Kazan’, Izdatel’stvo Kazanskogo universiteta, 2015, pp. 208–210. (In Russian)

Romashova M. V. Ot istorii animatsii k istorii detstva v SSSR: postanovka problemy [From the history of animation to the history of childhood in the USSR: the formulation of the problem]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta, 2011, no. 3–17, pp. 114–119. (In Russian)

Orekh E., Bogomiagkova E. Lookism in the visual communication: a sociological analysis of modern Russian children’s animation. 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2015. Book 1: Psychology and Psychiatry, Sociology and Healthcare, Education Conference Proceedings, vol. I, pp. 665–672. (In Russian)

Tkach V. P. Vliianie mul’tfil’mov na sotsializatsiiu detei [The influence of cartoons on the socialization of children]. Sotsiologiia, 2010, no. 2, pp. 57–65. (In Russian)

Krivulia N. G. “Strashnye” mul’tfil’my sovremennoi animatsii [“Scary” cartoons of modern animation]. Kul’turno-istoricheskaia psikhologiia, 2014, no. 4, pp. 57–65. (In Russian)

Krivulia N. G. Labirinty animatsii: Issledovaniia khudozhestvennogo obraza rossiiskikh animatsionnykh fil’mov vtoroi poloviny XX v. [Labyrinths of animation: Studies of the artistic image of Russian animated films of the second half of the 20th century]. Moscow, 2002. 293 p. (In Russian)

Krivulia N. G. Animatsionnyi personazh [Animation Character]. Moscow, Ametist Publ., 456 p. (In Russian)

Published

2018-04-06

How to Cite

Glukhova , M. E. (2018). Stereotypes of appearance in modern children’s Russian animation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 11(1), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu12.2018.111